ECOWAS’ Battle Against Small Arms Proliferation in West Africa: A Critical Analysis of Challenges and Recommendations

A recent article by Osimen, et al., (2024) titled “The Role of ECOWAS in the Fight against the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons in West-Africa Sub-Region” published in International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Research shows that the proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALW) in West Africa has severe socio-economic and human consequences, surpassing even the threats of HIV/AIDS or COVID-19.

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SALW proliferation in West Africa causes severe socio-economic and human impacts, challenging ECOWAS despite ongoing efforts.– Osimen, et al., 2024

This article explores the proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALW) in the West African sub-region and the role of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) in combating this issue. The article highlights the severe impact of SALW proliferation in West Africa, comparing its socio-economic and human consequences to those of HIV/AIDS or COVID-19. The authors examine ECOWAS’s actions and the ECOWAS Convention’s effectiveness in addressing SALW proliferation, noting challenges such as weak national controls and lack of international cooperation. The lack of comprehensive data and political will among states is identified as a major obstacle in resolving gun policy debates in the region.

How the Study was Conducted

The study involved collecting data on the number of illicit SALW in West Africa, the efforts of ECOWAS to eradicate the menace, and the effectiveness of the ECOWAS Convention. The study examined the causes of SALW proliferation, such as weak national controls and lack of international cooperation, and its socio-economic and human consequences. The study assessed the role of ECOWAS and its strategies, including the Program of Action and the Convention, in combating SALW proliferation.

What the Authors Found

The authors found that the proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALW) in West Africa has severe socio-economic and human consequences, surpassing even the threats of HIV/AIDS or COVID-19. Despite ECOWAS’ efforts to eradicate this menace, over one hundred million illicit SALW continue to fuel conflicts in the region.

Why is this Important

Human Security: The proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALW) poses a direct threat to human security. These weapons fuel conflicts, violence, and criminal activities, resulting in loss of life, displacement, and suffering.
Regional Stability: West Africa faces persistent instability due to armed conflicts. Understanding the causes and consequences of SALW proliferation helps policymakers devise effective strategies to enhance regional stability.
ECOWAS’ Role: The study sheds light on the limitations of ECOWAS’ efforts in combating SALW. By identifying gaps and challenges, it provides a roadmap for improving ECOWAS’ policies and interventions.

What the Authors Recommend

• The authors recommend that Member states should enhance their national controls over SALW, including stricter regulations, monitoring, and enforcement mechanisms. This involves improving licensing procedures, record-keeping, and tracing of weapons.
• ECOWAS member states must collaborate more effectively to combat SALW proliferation. This includes sharing intelligence, coordinating border controls, and harmonizing legal frameworks to prevent illicit transfers.
• The study emphasizes the importance of transparency among member states. Regular reporting on SALW stockpiles, transfers, and seizures can help identify trends and gaps.
• In addition, the study emphasizes that ECOWAS should invest in capacity-building programs for law enforcement agencies, customs, and border control personnel. Training and resources are essential to effectively combat SALW trafficking.
• Furthermore, raising awareness about the dangers of SALW and involving civil society organizations can promote advocacy for stronger regulations and disarmament efforts.

In conclusion, the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in West Africa poses significant socio-economic and human challenges, surpassing even those presented by HIV/AIDS and COVID-19. Despite ECOWAS’ efforts through the Program of Action and the ECOWAS Convention, the region continues to grapple with the severe impacts of over one hundred million illicit SALW. To address this pressing issue, it is imperative for member states to enhance national controls, improve international cooperation, and invest in capacity-building programs. By fostering transparency, sharing intelligence, and engaging civil society, ECOWAS can develop more effective strategies to combat SALW proliferation and enhance regional stability and security.